Health of America's ZIP Codes
Sources

Sources & provenance

Every number traces to an audited source file. Health outcomes come from CDC PLACES 2025 ZCTA estimates, ACS demographics, and ADI 2023 context in the complete parquet; the public PMTiles archive supplies the runtime ZCTA geometry used by the map.

Underlying files and their role in the app.
FileRoleLocation
PMTilesRuntime ZCTA geometry streamed by MapLibrehttps://ontopic-public-data.t3.tigrisfiles.io/pmtiles/Health_Zip_converted.pmtiles
ParquetBuild-time analytical source: health, ACS demographics, ADI, centroids, provenanceraw_data/zcta_atlas.parquet
MetadataClean source metadata and limitations used by the prep pipelineraw_data/zcta_atlas.parquet.meta.json

Origin

Health prevalence estimates come from the CDC's PLACES project (model-based small-area estimates at the ZCTA level). ACS demographic variables are carried from the upstream ZIP atlas file, and ADI is from Neighborhood Atlas v4.0.1 area-aggregated to ZCTA. The geographic base is the Census TIGER/Line / ZCTA geography, served through the existing PMTiles archive.

Vintage. Health measures use CDC PLACES 2025. ADI uses Neighborhood Atlas 2023 v4.0.1. The app is a single cross-section; do not read it as a time series.

Coverage summary: 32,409 ZIP/ZCTA rows, 32,263 with current PMTiles geometry, 146 without geometry, and 105 without usable health measures after cleanup.

Per-measure provenance, generated from the live data manifest.
MeasureDomainDenominatorU.S. avgCoveredNativeMixed/aggregateYear
Diabetes · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 18+12.2%32,30425,0077,2972025
High blood pressure · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 18+34.41%32,30225,0077,2952025
Coronary heart disease · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 18+6.38%32,30425,0077,2972025
Stroke · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 18+3.51%32,30425,0077,2972025
COPD · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 18+6.82%32,30425,0077,2972025
Cancer · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 18+7.78%32,30425,0077,2972025
All teeth lost (65+) · Health outcomesHealth outcomesadults 65+13.25%32,30025,0037,2972025
Depression · Mental & functional healthMental & functional healthadults 18+22.08%32,30425,0077,2972025
Frequent poor mental health · Mental & functional healthMental & functional healthadults 18+16.89%32,30425,0077,2972025
Frequent poor physical health · Mental & functional healthMental & functional healthadults 18+13.68%32,30425,0077,2972025
Fair or poor health · Mental & functional healthMental & functional healthadults 18+20.52%32,30425,0077,2972025
Any disability · Mental & functional healthMental & functional healthadults 18+31.15%32,30425,0077,2972025
Obesity · Health behaviorsHealth behaviorsadults 18+33.71%32,30425,0077,2972025
Smoking · Health behaviorsHealth behaviorsadults 18+13.55%32,30425,0077,2972025
Physical inactivity · Health behaviorsHealth behaviorsadults 18+25.71%32,30425,0077,2972025
Short sleep · Health behaviorsHealth behaviorsadults 18+36.54%32,30425,0077,2972025
Binge drinking · Health behaviorsHealth behaviorsadults 18+16.03%32,30425,0077,2972025
Uninsured · Access & preventionAccess & preventionadults 18-6411.17%32,30425,0077,2972025
No recent dental visit · Access & preventionAccess & preventionadults 18+38.99%32,30425,0077,2972025
No annual checkup · Access & preventionAccess & preventionadults 18+23.11%32,30425,0077,2972025
Food insecurity · Health-related needsHealth-related needsadults 18+17.61%29,23823,7715,4672025
Housing insecurity · Health-related needsHealth-related needsadults 18+14.23%29,23823,7715,4672025
Transportation barriers · Health-related needsHealth-related needsadults 18+9.47%29,23823,7715,4672025
Low social support · Health-related needsHealth-related needsadults 18+25.34%29,23823,7715,4672025
Loneliness · Health-related needsHealth-related needsadults 18+34.41%23,82223,771512025
Utility shutoff threat · Health-related needsHealth-related needsadults 18+9.12%29,23823,7715,4672025

Join & coverage

The analytical source and the PMTiles geometry are matched on a zero-padded 5-character ZIP/ZCTA key. The PMTiles layer uses that key as its feature id, so the map can recolor by pushing static JSON values to geometry without rebuilding the source. Because all geometry-bearing rows in the updated parquet already exist in the PMTiles, this release does not require a new PMTiles file.

See Methods & limitations for how these numbers should and should not be read, or open the interactive atlas.