U.S. public-health observatory

The health of America's ZIP codes

A map-first atlas of 26 health and social-need measures across 32,409 ZIP/ZCTA areas — chronic disease, behavioral risk, mental health, access, and health-related social needs, each set against the national average, ACS context, and the neighborhood deprivation gradient.

Opens the ZIP's profile on the interactive map.

Estimates are CDC PLACES-style and model-based; associations are ecological, not causal.

32,409
32,263 mappable areas in the current PMTiles
26
health and social-need measures
51
states plus DC covered
308.7M
people in mapped areas
Why it matters

Place shapes health — and the gaps are large.

About 20.2M people live in ZIP codes where diabetes exceeds the high-burden threshold of 17.4%. The most-deprived tenth of neighborhoods averages 8.8 points higher than the least-deprived tenth. The atlas lets you see that gradient for every measure, and find where it is widest.

Three ways in

Search, map, and compare.

Stories

What the data teaches, not just what it shows.

A single statistical axis explains 57% of how ZIP codes differ across all 26 measures — and it tracks income and deprivation, not any one disease. Four data-driven essays unpack the structure behind the map.

The structure of place-based health

Most of ZIP-code health is one axis

Run a principal component analysis on all 26 measures and a single dimension — tracking deprivation and income, not any one disease — explains the majority of the variation between America's ZIP codes.

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Correlation structure

No measure moves alone

Diabetes predicts blood pressure. Food insecurity predicts housing insecurity at ρ ≈ 0.97. The 26 measures form tight blocks — and the blocks track demographics more than medicine.

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Community archetypes

The four health Americas

Cluster ZIP codes on all 26 measures at once and four recognizable kinds of community emerge — comfortable suburbs, young metro strivers, aging small towns, and left-behind communities.

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The deprivation gradient

Where the gradient bites — and where it doesn't

Complete tooth loss is three times higher in the most-deprived tenth of neighborhoods. Binge drinking is the one measure that runs the other way.

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The wealth gradient

The health premium of wealthy ZIP codes

Rank ZIP/ZCTA areas by a composite of income, college attainment, home value, ADI, poverty, and unemployment, then compare the richest tenth with the poorest tenth across all 26 health measures.

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Outcome story · mental health

Distress follows poverty. Diagnosis follows privilege.

Frequent mental distress tracks deprivation closely; diagnosed depression barely does. The gap between the two — diagnoses per unit of distress — rises with income and falls sharply where more residents are Black.

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Outcome story · smoking

Smoking: deprivation predicts it, culture bends it

No measure tracks neighborhood deprivation more tightly than smoking (ρ = 0.80). Subtract that prediction and what remains is a map of history: the tobacco belt, Utah, and the casino frontier.

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The measures

26 measures, from cardiometabolic risk to social needs.

Every measure carries its label, unit, source, national benchmark, missingness, and direction. Jump straight to any of them on the map.

Read responsibly

Area-level data, read with care.

ZIP vs. ZCTA.Census ZCTAs are generalized areal representations of USPS ZIP Code service areas — not official delivery boundaries. The app says “ZIP/ZCTA” for readability.

Modeled & ecological. Outcomes are CDC PLACES-style model-based estimates, not direct counts. ZIP-level associations describe places, not individuals, and do not imply causation. See the methods and sources.